PN Adult Medical Surgical Practice Exam

What is the primary health concern for a patient with chronic respiratory disease?

1. Impaired gas exchange

2. Fluid retention

3. Electrolyte imbalance

4. Increased metabolic rate

The correct answer is: Impaired gas exchange

The primary health concern for a patient with chronic respiratory disease is impaired gas exchange. In chronic respiratory conditions, such as COPD or asthma, the patient's ability to effectively exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is compromised. This can lead to hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood) and hypercapnia (elevated levels of carbon dioxide), resulting in several complications, including respiratory acidosis, increased work of breathing, and potential respiratory failure. Impaired gas exchange is critical because it directly affects the body’s oxygenation status, which is vital for sustaining cellular function and overall metabolic processes. In the context of chronic respiratory disease, managing and optimizing oxygenation is a priority for improving the patient’s quality of life and reducing the risk of exacerbations or acute respiratory distress. Other considerations, such as fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and increased metabolic rate, can occur in some patients with chronic respiratory diseases, but they are secondary concerns compared to the immediate and profound impact that impaired gas exchange has on the patient's overall health and stability. Therefore, addressing and managing impaired gas exchange is essential in caring for these patients.